Mechanisms of desirable Gene Syntheses by
Microorganisms
Biotechnology
The
using of living organisms in process for the manufacture of useful products for
the welfare of mankind are called biotechnology. Biotechnology is application
of biology in this field living organisms are used to produce the any things
that have more quality and quantity. Human began using microorganisms as 4000BC
for making wine vinegar and chees etc. By this technique we can produced a
large quantity of food and medicinal drugs for the better life.
Genetic Engineering
The
Synthesis of artificial gene and repairing of genetic material with help of
microorganisms is called genetic engineering. The genetic engineering is the
type of biotechnology in which one scientist can produced a desirable character
which interest on them. In Scotland in 1997 an embryologists Lan Wilmut produced a sheep from the
body cell of adult sheep.
The organisms which cannot be seen by naked
eye are called unicellular organisms and they also known as a microorganisms.
The instruments we used seen the microorganisms is called microscope. For this purpose
we also use magnifying glass to see the unicellular organisms. The
microorganisms like as bacteria and phage virus play an important role in the
production of desirable gene.
Material
Ø
Molecular
Sesser like as enzymes
Ø
Microscope
Ø
Culture
medium which provides a normal temperature and ph. concentration.
Ø
We also required a Vector. For this purpose
plasmid of bacteria and bacteriophage are also used as a vector.
Ø
The
desirable gene are coming from donor. The human cell or chromosomes are also
use for this purpose.
Isolation of gene interest
First step in which scientist identify the Gene of interest in a donor organisms. Special enzymes called restrictions of endonuclease used to cut identified gene from total chromosomes or DNA of donor organisms. Same as vector are coming from bacterial cell called plasmid. Plasmid are cut with the help of enzymes.
Insertion of the gene into vector
A vector
is selected for the transfer of gene of interest which we can produced by
microorganisms. The victor plasmid are extra chromosomal DNA present in
bacterial cell. The gene of interest is attached with the vector of DNA with
the help of enzymes ligase both are also called Recombinant DNA. When two different DNA of two different spices are
combine is called recombinant DNA.
Transfer of Recombinant DNA to host cell
After
this the recombinant DNA is transfer to target host where produce a desirable gene.
In this way host organisms are transferred into a genetically modified organisms.
Here all things are provided to genetically modified organisms like as normal
temperature and normal ph for growth.
Expression of the Gene
The
metabolic machinery of host cell are started and the production of desirable
gene are also start. We also known as that the bacterial cell can be divided
into another cell in short a time in this way one bacterial cell change into
two and two into four ,four into eight and so on. A large production of
desirable gene are produced with help of microorganisms in this way we get a
more quantity of gene and any other product that we required.
FAQ
1)
What
is the artificial synthesis of DNA?
ANS: The synthesis of DNA in laboratory with the help
of microorganisms and presence of enzymes
2)
What
is gene synthesis steps?
ANS: There are four step are involved in the
synthesis of gene.
- Isolation
of gene
- Insertion
of the gene into vector
- Transfer
of Recombinant DNA to host cell
- Expression
of the Gene
- What is artificial synthesis?
ANS:
The any things that can be produce in the laboratory with the help of
microorganisms and the welfare of mankind.
4)
Where
are the synthetic gene used for?
ANS:
The synthetic gene are used for repairing of existing gene and also used for
medicinal drugs.
